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发表于 2011-07-13 15:34
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六、插话:Oedipus神谕传奇的英语注释
Oedipus was the son of Laius(国王的名字) and Jocasta(王后的名字,请熟悉并记住故事中出现的名字), king and queen of Thebes(地名).
After having been married some time without children(结婚多年而没有孩子), Laius consulted the Oracle(向神谕求教,在古希腊传奇中,神谕常常是情节发展的核心要素) of Apollo (God of Sun) at Delphi.
The Oracle prophesized(预言) that any son born to Laius would kill him. In an attempt to prevent this prophecy's fulfillment, when Jocasta indeed bore a son, Laius had his ankles pinned together so that he could not crawl(爬行); Jocasta then gave the boy to a servant to abandon on the nearby mountain.
However, rather than leave the child to die of exposure, as Laius intended, the sympathetic(富于同情心的) servant passed the baby onto a shepherd (牧羊人)from Corinth(地名) and then to another shepherd.
Oedipus the infant eventually came to the house of Polybus, king of Corinth and his queen, Merope, who adopted him as they were without children of their own. Little Oedipus was named after the swelling(肿胀) from the injuries to his feet and ankles.
After many years of being son of the king and queen of Corinth, Oedipus was told by a drunk that Oedipus was in fact adopted(这个词有很多含义,但也专用于抚养的非亲生子女) by them.
Oedipus confronted his parents with the news, but they denied every word(所谓矢口否认,但这里没有负面的涵义). Oedipus sent word from the same Oracle in Delphi his birth parents consulted.
The Oracle didn't tell him he was son of the king and queen of Thebes, but instead informed him he was destined to (命中注定要…) murder his father and marry his mother. In his attempt to avoid the fate predicted by the Oracle, he decided to not return home to Corinth. Oedipus decided to travel all the way to Thebes(地名), as it was near Delphi.
As Oedipus traveled, he came to Davlia, where three roads crossed each other. Here he encountered a chariot (战车) driven by his birth-father, King Laius. They fought over who had the right to go first and Oedipus killed Laius in self defense(自卫), unwittingly fulfilling part of the prophecy. The only witness of the King's death was a slave who fled from a caravan(篷车) of slaves also traveling on the road at the time.
Continuing his journey to Thebes, Oedipus encountered a Sphinx (这是我们中国读者熟悉的)which would stop all those who traveled to Thebes and ask them a riddle(谜语). If the travelers were unable to answer correctly, they would be killed and eaten by the Sphinx; if they were successful, they would be able to continue their journey.
The riddle was: "What walks on four feet in the morning, two in the afternoon and three at night?".
Oedipus answered: "Man: as an infant, he crawls on all fours; as an adult, he walks on two legs and; in old age, he uses a walking stick".
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Oedipus was the first to answer the riddle correctly and, having heard Oedipus' answer, the Sphinx was astounded and killed itself by throwing itself into the sea, freeing Thebes from his harsh rule(严酷的统治). Gratefully the people of Thebes appointed Oedipus as their king and gave him the recently widowed Queen Jocasta's hand in marriage. (The people of Thebes were unknown to the fact Oedipus was the killer of King Laius, they believed he was killed by the Sphinx).
The marriage of Oedipus and Jocasta fulfilled the rest of the prophecy. Oedipus and Jocasta had four children: two sons, Eteocles and Polynices , and two daughters, Antigone and Ismene.
Many years after the marriage of Oedipus and Jocasta, a plague of infertility(专指不结果实、不育这种灾难) struck the city of Thebes; crops no longer grew on the fields and women did not bear children. Oedipus, in his hubris(自大,自负), asserted that he would end the pestilence(瘟疫).
He sent Creon, Jocasta's brother, to the Oracle at Delphi, seeking guidance. When Creon returned, Oedipus heard that the murderer of the former King Laius must be found and either be killed or exiled. Creon also suggested they should try and find the blind prophet, Tiresias. In a search for the identity of the killer, Oedipus followed Creon's suggestion and sent for Tiresias, who warned him not to try to find the killer.
In a heated exchange, Tiresias was provoked into exposing Oedipus himself as the killer, and the fact that Oedipus was living in shame because he did not know who his true parents were. Oedipus blamed Creon for the false accusations(责难,问罪). Oedipus and Creon began to have a heated argument. Jocasta entered and tried to calm Oedipus by telling him the story of her first born son and his supposed death.
Oedipus became nervous as he began to think that he might have murdered Laius and so brought about the plague. Suddenly, a messenger arrived from Corinth with the news that King Polybus(他的养父) had died. Oedipus was relieved (如释重负)concerning the prophecy for it could no longer be fulfilled if Polybus, whom he thought of as his birth father, was now dead(即此时Oedipus 还没有意识到自己的生父是Laius,他仍旧以为Polybus 是他的生父,“生父”逝世了,那么不是死于他的手,神谕过时了,所以Oedipus was much relieved)
Still, he knew his mother was still alive and he would refuse to go to Corinth for the funeral. To ease the tension, the messenger then said that Oedipus was, in fact, adopted.
Jocasta, finally realizing that he was her son, begged him to stop his search for Laius's murderer.
Oedipus misunderstood the motivation of her pleas, thinking that she was ashamed of him because he might have been the son of a slave. Jocasta then went into the palace where she hanged herself. Oedipus sought verification of the messenger's story from the very same herdsman who was supposed to have left Oedipus to die as a baby. From the herdsman, Oedipus learned that the infant raised as the adopted son of Polybus and Merope was the son of Laius and Jocasta. Thus, Oedipus finally realized in great agony(巨大的苦痛) that so many years ago, at the place where the three roads met, he had killed his own father, King Laius and subsequently married his mother, Jocasta.
Oedipus went in search of Jocasta and found she had killed herself. Using the pin from a brooch(胸针) he took off Jocasta's gown, Oedipus stabbed his eyes out. Oedipus asked Creon to look after his daughters, for his sons were old and mature enough to look after themselves, and to be allowed to touch them one last time before he was exiled.
His daughter Antigone acted as his guide as he wandered blindly through the country, finally perishing at Colonus after being placed under the protection of Athens by King Theseus.
His two sons, Eteocles and Polynices, arranged to share the kingdom, each taking an alternating one-year reign. However, Eteocles refused to cede his throne after his year as king. Polynices brought in an army to oust Eteocles from his position and a battle ensued.
At the end of the battle the brothers killed each other after which Jocasta's brother, Creon, took the throne.
He decided that Polynices was a "traitor," and should not be given burial rites. Defying this edict, Antigone attempted to bury her brother and, for this trespass(擅权行为), Creon had her buried in a rock cavern where she hanged herself.
There are many different endings to the legend of Oedipus due to its oral tradition. Significant variations on the legend of Oedipus are mentioned in fragments by several ancient Greek poets including Homer, Hesiod and Pindar.
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